Insect · Moderate risk
European Hornet
The European hornet (Vespa crabro) is an introduced species and the largest social wasp seen in Quebec. It is found mostly in Ontario and western Quebec, where it was first reported in 2004. Despite its reputation, it is generally less aggressive than the yellowjacket unless its nest is threatened. It is the only local social wasp active at night, when it is drawn to lights.
18 to 35 mm · Reddish brown and yellow
§1Distinctive features
How to identify it
A very large insect, 18 to 35 mm, the queen being the largest. Reddish brown with yellow bands on the abdomen. The head is a distinctive reddish brown. Bigger than any of the common wasps in Quebec.
§2Habitat
Where to find it
It nests in natural cavities (hollow trees), attics, roof spaces and wall voids. Its brown papier-mâché nests can hold 300 to 500 individuals.
§3Reproduction
Lifecycle
The colony is annual: it grows until late summer, then dies with the frost. The nest is not reused the following year.
§4What to look out for
Signs of presence
- Very large insects, nearly twice the size of a bee, around a cavity
- Night-time activity around outdoor lights
- Distinctive low buzzing
- Brown nest in an attic or hollow tree
§5Why act fast
Risks
- Painful stings, comparable to a bee sting
- Severe allergic reactions possible
- A danger if the nest is inside the structure of the house
- Vigorous defence of the nest if you get close
§6Prevention
How to avoid it
- Seal cavities and cracks in walls and attics
- Inspect attics and hollow trees in spring
- Do not leave outdoor lights on needlessly
- Call a professional rather than trying to treat it yourself
§7Pro method
How MW works
Inspection
Locating the nesting cavity and assessing access.
Preparation
Customized plan · steps to take before the visit.
Treatment
Treating the nest directly in the cavity, in the evening, then removing it safely.
Follow-up
Control visit · written guarantee offered depending on the treatment chosen.
§8Your questions answered
Frequently asked questions
Is the European hornet more dangerous than a wasp?
Can it sting at night?
Is a single hornet dangerous?
The European hornet is active at night and drawn to outdoor lights, which makes it more of a nuisance than a danger. It remains rare in Estrie and Montérégie: the big black and white insect people there call a hornet is almost always the bald-faced hornet, which is actually a wasp. Either way, the nest calls for professional removal: see our wasp and hornet service, in Sherbrooke, Granby, Magog and Cowansville.
Sources consulted for this fact sheet: Espace pour la vie, social wasps and hornets in Quebec · Québec.ca, hornets, wasps and bees · Government of Ontario, hornet comparison · Penn State Extension, European hornet.
React quickly, sleep well.
A nest in a wall or attic is easier to deal with before the colony peaks.